Warning: this article contains racist and offensive language.
Swastikas on bathroom stalls. Chants of 鈥楤uild the wall.鈥� Notes that say 鈥楪o back to Mexico.鈥� 澳门跑狗论坛 found hundreds of reports of hate and bias in schools.
Newtown, Pa. -
Three swastikas were scrawled on the note found in the girls鈥� restroom, along with a homophobic comment and a declaration: 鈥淚 Love Trump.鈥�
Found inside the backpack of a Latina student, a note that said: Go back to Mexico.
Two other hate-filled incidents鈥攊nvoking Donald Trump鈥檚 name and using swastikas鈥攚ere also reported that same day.
The school: Council Rock High in this mostly white, affluent Philadelphia suburb.
The day: Nov. 9, 2016, the day after the election of President Trump.
Council Rock school district Superintendent Robert Fraser condemned the incidents, but told parents he believed they were isolated events. The acts, , were 鈥渋nappropriate鈥� and would not be tolerated. But, he emphasized, they were 鈥渓ikely the responsibility of a very small number of individuals whose actions should not damage the reputation of the larger group.鈥�
Soon after, the district formed a council on diversity, mostly composed of parents, and took several other steps, including training for school staff to better identify and respond to hate incidents. Despite those efforts, Council Rock High, said some parents and students, continues to have a culture where racist views are sometimes boldly expressed, but oftentimes ferment under the surface.
The hate-fueled incidents at Council Rock in the wake of the divisive 2016 presidential election, and the school鈥檚 rocky path to addressing them, are not unusual.
Concerns about a rise in hate crimes and bias incidents have surged since the campaign and election of President Trump, who has frequently used coarse language and racist rhetoric when describing immigrants, people of color, and women. In schools, similar worries are echoed by some students, parents, and educators who suggest that Trump鈥檚 influence has emboldened some children, teenagers, and even school employees to openly espouse hateful views.
To understand how hate, intolerance, and bias are affecting school climate and impacting students and their educators, 澳门跑狗论坛 partnered with the nonprofit news organization ProPublica in a project called . We analyzed three years of media reports and self-reported incidents of hate and bias in K-12 school settings鈥攎any submitted to ProPublica.
In a review of 472 verified accounts, we found that most incidents that took place in schools between January 2015 and December 2017 targeted black and Latino students, as well as those who are Jewish or Muslim.
Most of the incidents鈥攕ome of which were formally reported to school personnel鈥攊nvolved hate speech, spoken and written. Reports of bodily harm were relatively rare.
The most common words were: 鈥渢he n-word,鈥� various versions of 鈥渂uild the wall鈥� and 鈥済o back to [insert foreign country name here, usually Mexico].鈥� The most common hate symbol: swastikas.
The largest number of reports on a single day in K-12 schools: November 9, 2016鈥攖he day after Trump鈥檚 election.
But is it fair to lay all the blame on the words and actions of President Trump for the vitriol spewed in schools?
Anecdotal reports aren鈥檛 enough to suggest that the president鈥檚 inflammatory talk has led to increased rates of bullying and new data show that bullying rates held steady in 2017, according to the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey.
One expert on school climate cautioned school leaders to avoid blaming acts of hate and bullying in the last couple of years on Trump鈥檚 influence.
鈥淭here is usually never just one cause of bullying, so if we scapegoat it on the president, we are overlooking the broader climate issues that were there before and will likely continue if not directly addressed,鈥� said Deborah Temkin, who is the director of education research for the nonpartisan Child Trends and previously oversaw federal efforts to combat bullying in the Obama administration.
鈥楬ow adults respond to incidents affects the entire climate of the school鈥�
In the more than 18 months since the 2016 outburst at Council Rock North, other hateful acts have taken place at the high school and other schools in the district, according to more than a dozen parents and students interviewed by 澳门跑狗论坛.
When a group of students campaigned last year to change the school鈥檚 American Indian mascot, someone created an Instagram account to counter with racist alternatives. Among them: a KKK figure, an image of a Latino with the words 鈥淐ouncil Rock Tacos,鈥� and an image of a black person holding a gun with the words 鈥淐ouncil Rock criminals.鈥�
Last year, a middle school teacher in the Council Rock district draped a Confederate flag on her classroom wall, while a district contractor showed up at a school during a session of basketball camp with a large Confederate flag hoisted from his truck. After parents on the diversity council reported the flags for being offensive, they were removed.
Schools have long been a venue for bias and harassment, where targeted students can feel threatened and unwelcome and where parents worry about their children鈥檚 physical safety. And administrators often falter in dealing with the ugliness鈥攊n both the immediate aftermath and over the longer-term to confront deeper-seated hate and bias in their school communities.
K-12 leaders must first investigate and identify the motivation for the incidents, Temkin said, and then establish whether there are solutions such as anti-bias training and multicultural education that could address the problem.
鈥淲e know how adults respond to incidents affects the entire climate of the school, as in saying that these incidents are not okay and not the norm,鈥� Temkin said. 鈥淗owever, there is some assumption on the part of the parents of what a school should do that may not align to what a school should or can do.鈥�
Often, Temkin said, school leaders and teachers may feel pressure to discipline those who commit the hateful acts, but doing so can undermine aiming for a more sustainable outcome in trying to push back on the bias itself. The two main areas to focus on should be making sure kids who were targeted feel safe and delving into why the perpetrators of the bias incidents are acting that way.
While data on hate-related incidents in schools is skimpy at best, the U.S. Department of Justice polls students periodically about the issue as part of its National Crime Victimization Survey. In 2015, the most recent school crime survey, more than 25 percent of students reported seeing hate-related graffiti in their schools. That same survey also revealed that the majority of students who reported being a target of hate-related words attend suburban schools.
Public schools in America鈥檚 suburban communities are increasingly likely to be the most diverse, with majority white student enrollments giving way to an influx of students from a variety of racial, ethnic, and cultural backgrounds.
Schools like Council Rock North High, where 88 percent of students are white, 1.5 percent are black, and 2 percent are Latino.
鈥業 don鈥檛 think my classmates and teachers really grasp the pain we feel鈥�
For Jayla Johnson, 17, who graduated from Council Rock North in June, the post-election spewing of hate and intolerance was not new. The African-American student said she had heard classmates use racial slurs and praise the Ku Klux Klan.
鈥淚 don鈥檛 think my classmates and teachers really grasp the pain we feel,鈥� Jayla said. 鈥淚t runs deep.鈥�
Her older sister Janai, who graduated in 2013, had encountered a racist threat written on a wall in a girls鈥� bathroom during her sophomore year: 鈥淚鈥檓 going to kill all the niggers.鈥� The names of black students were listed, Janai鈥檚 included.
When that happened, school administrators didn鈥檛 notify Janai鈥檚 parents, said her mother, Robyn Johnson.
鈥淣o one called,鈥� she said. 鈥淭hey didn鈥檛 address it until I addressed it.鈥�
The high school of 1,700 students is in Bucks County, about 30 miles from Philadelphia. It has a reputation for strong student achievement. It鈥檚 in a school district sought after by teachers鈥攆or the high-performing students and some of the best salaries in Pennsylvania.
When the cascade of post-Election Day hate incidents struck, Fraser, the superintendent, took several steps to address broader issues of racism and intolerance in the school community. Among the most notable was establishing the diversity council, a voluntary group of parents who were to advise district leaders.
The district鈥檚 leadership and parent activists鈥攚hile articulating similar goals鈥攈ave clashed over how to achieve them. Two major points of disagreement are a lack of diversity in the district鈥檚 teaching ranks and how to best accommodate transgender students, according to parents on the diversity council.
So less than year after its formation, district officials decided the parent group would no longer be affiliated with the school system.
Fraser declined to be interviewed for this story. He provided over the past two years to confront and prevent hateful acts.
鈥淚 am committed to ensuring that Council Rock is clearly recognized as a district that not only welcomes diversity of all kinds but celebrates it,鈥� Fraser wrote.
In his statement, Fraser cited school climate surveys designed by an external firm that were administered at the beginning of the 2017-18 school year, but no results have been released yet. Teachers have had diversity awareness training and the district has hosted conversations on equity. It has designed cultural competency at every grade level with community social justice groups such as the Peace Center, which has been tracking dozens of bias incidents in the community and helps counsel targeted families.
鈥淲e will continue our work in the coming years, as accepting anything less than 100 percent success in this area is unacceptable,鈥� Fraser said.
But for the parents of students who were targeted by the earlier incidents, the district鈥檚 overall response has been too slow and defensive, said Kim Xantus, an Asian-American parent who serves on the diversity council.
While the principal and staff at her children鈥檚 elementary school have been proactive on fostering conversations about race, such efforts have been sporadic districtwide and left to students or parents to often lead the charge, Xantus said.
Jayla, similarly frustrated, was motivated to start a diversity club for students on campus. Late last year, she testified in Washington, before U.S. Rep. Brian Fitzpatrick, a Republican, about her experiences with racism and prejudice in school.
But in many places, it is intimidating for students to report being harassed or bullied because of their race, ethnicity, or family鈥檚 immigration status.
In Carbon Hill, Ala., three students鈥攁ll of them African-American girls who are about to start their sophomore year鈥攕ay they were repeatedly harassed at school during their freshmen year by five white male upperclassmen.
In a high school that is 96 percent white, these students say they were called the n-word and sexually charged slurs by the boys on multiple occasions during the 2017-18 school year. They鈥檝e had fake money thrown at them during lunch. One of the boys threatened to kill the girls by hanging, their parents said.
Keisha King, whose daughter has been one of the main targets of the harassment, says it feels like times have regressed compared to her experience at Carbon Hill High 18 years ago, when she also was one of the few black students. All three families said the aggressive nature of the behavior prompted them to speak out and seek help from the NAACP.
Even though King said that some of the boys were suspended, she still feels the district hasn鈥檛 taken her concerns about safety seriously. The students harassing her daughter are slated to return to campus in the fall.
After weighing whether she could move her family to Birmingham鈥攁n hour away鈥攕o that her daughter could attend another school, King recently decided that for now they would stay. Miracle, King鈥檚 daughter, confided to her that she didn鈥檛 want to run away from the problem nor abandon her classmates who feel isolated.
Jason Adkins, the superintendent of Walker County schools where Carbon Hill is located, said in an interview that he believed the school had taken care of the parents鈥� concerns about their daughters鈥� safety. He declined to speak specifically about the discipline measures taken against the boys, citing student privacy. But he did address what he thinks should be done in such circumstances.
鈥淲e exist to intervene in those situations where people can not intervene for themselves and need a little help, from somebody that can make a difference,鈥� Adkins said. 鈥淔irst and foremost, there should always be an investigation. Hopefully, most of the time, we then do what we should do as a school system and do something toward helping improve the situation. I am sure that we do make mistakes, and that doesn鈥檛 always happen, but it should.鈥�
Adkins, who recently lost a re-election campaign to remain superintendent in Walker County, said he would reach out again to the girls and their families before school starts to make sure their concerns were addressed more thoroughly. 鈥淲e need to examine working on the school鈥檚 culture and asking, 鈥榟ow do we go about embracing people from various backgrounds?鈥� 鈥�
鈥業t鈥檚 hard to believe in a way it鈥檚 still around and becoming more prevalent鈥�
Jewish organizations such as the Anti-Defamation League have reported that anti-Semitic incidents in general have soared to their highest levels in two decades in the U.S. over the last couple of years.
The ADL has an anti-bias education program that鈥檚 in more than 70 schools in New England, mostly in Massachusetts. It focuses on high school students training younger peers, particularly in middle school.
While anti-Semitic incidents took place in schools dotting the nation, 澳门跑狗论坛 found at least 73 incidents occurred in schools in Massachusetts during the 2015-2017 period that it analyzed. The ADL, however, reported 93 incidents occurring in Massachusetts schools alone in 2017, up from 50 in 2016.
One of those occurred in 2016 at Marblehead High School, in the Boston area. Students circulated on Snapchat an image of a swastika made from pennies that was photographed in a chemistry lab.
鈥淔or me, who has direct heritage tied to the Holocaust, including hearing stories from my grandmother during [World War II] of what our family and friends experienced, seeing these reminders of how members of our families died just thrown around on social media, is painful,鈥� said Talia Ornstein, a 17-year-old student at Marblehead High. 鈥淚t鈥檚 hard to believe in a way it鈥檚 still around and becoming more prevalent.鈥�
Her classmate, Sophia Spungin, 16, said the incident felt 鈥渓ike a direct attack as it鈥檚 the symbol signifying hatred toward a particular group. Plain and simple, it鈥檚 not okay.鈥�
After the incident, students at Marblehead worked to raise money to bring in the ADL鈥檚 anti-bias program, which extends beyond addressing anti-Semitism to other forms of discrimination.
Some teachers say they must play a frontline role in combatting intolerance. One of those teachers is Jennifer Goss, who designed a course on the Holocaust and other genocides in world history at Robert E. Lee High School in Staunton, Va., where many of her students are white. Goss has taught her course for nearly 15 years, but she said interest has grown among her students, as well as her fellow teachers in recent years, something she attributes to the heightened cultural tensions in the country.
鈥淚nitially when I started teaching the class I was using examples of anti-Semitic graffiti that were from 10 years ago,鈥� Goss said. 鈥淎nd sadly, I can go onto most major news outlets today and find examples from just a couple of weeks ago.鈥�
A form originally appeared on this page. It has been removed because we are no longer seeking submissions.
鈥業鈥檓 not in school with her, I can鈥檛 protect her鈥�
The pervasive use of social media to spread messages of hate can leave communities feeling pummeled.
Many of the bias reports 澳门跑狗论坛 reviewed included the use of Instagram and Snapchat. Parents interviewed in various cities said they usually find out about hate-related incidents from their children or social media.
In another case of racist speech spreading like wildfire on social media, seven students at Bel Air High School in Bel Air, Md., used the occasion of the school鈥檚 鈥淪crabble Day鈥� to spell out the n-word with letters written on their T-shirts. A photo went viral on social media in the following days.
Jahneen Keatz, an African-American mother whose daughter Jenea is a junior at the high school, said she got a robocall from the principal who said there had been an 鈥渋ncident鈥� and students had been disciplined. But the principal offered no other details. Keatz finally found out what happened when another black parent saw the image on social media and called her.
After community outrage, the Harford County school district started some diversity initiatives at the high school, where 79 percent of students are white, according to state data.
Bel Air school officials declined to be interviewed, but Laurie Namey, the district鈥檚 supervisor of equity and cultural proficiency, sent a statement that listed their efforts, including at the high school campus where 鈥渟tudents directly involved in the incident took part in a restorative lesson focused on the historical and current social impact鈥� of the slur used.
Jenea, 15, has become a vocal activist against racism since last fall鈥檚 incident, said her mother. But Keatz said she worries about her daughter鈥檚 safety.
鈥淢y daughter will tell you, I check in with her every day,鈥� Keatz said. 鈥淚 want her to know that she has a voice and my only job is to teach her how to use it productively, to hopefully evoke change. But as a parent, as a mother鈥here is some worry. Because I鈥檓 not in school with her, I can鈥檛 protect her.鈥�
These conversations are inescapable for families of color, said Karsonya Wise Whitehead, a professor of communication, African, and African-American studies at Loyola University Maryland who is often is tapped to speak to audiences after a bias incident occurs in their community.
This school year, that call came from her own backyard, after a cluster of affluent private schools in Baltimore, including the school her own sons attend, started a social media firestorm after photos of students and alumni dressed in racist Halloween costumes circulated online.
According to the Baltimore Sun, with the name 鈥淔reddie Gray鈥� on the back, referring to the African-American man who died from injuries while in police custody in 2015 and who became a prominent symbol in the greater Black Lives Matter movement. A second photo, from a different party, depicted two teens from Gilman School and Roland Park Country School dressed in orange jumpsuits with a racial slur in the caption, the Sun reported.
One of the schools, Roland Park, brought in Whitehead to talk to all students about how hurtful and racist the images were and to lead a discussion about diversity, inclusion, and taking 鈥渙wnership over our words and actions鈥� with the predominately upper-class, white student body, she said.
Whitehead has found that sometimes it鈥檚 parents鈥攏ot school administrators鈥攚ho are the most reluctant to address incidences of bigotry.
鈥淪ometimes the complaint is, my child is too young,鈥� Whitehead said. 鈥淥r it seems like you鈥檙e stuffing this down our throat. Or I can鈥檛 believe we have to deal with this again.鈥�
Whitehead鈥檚 oldest son Kofi is a student at the all-male Gilman, one of the private schools involved in the Halloween scandal. He will be the vice president of the school鈥檚 Black Student Union next year.
鈥淎fter the incident, I talked with my parents, trying to figure out how to make my white classmates understand what it means to be black and male in America,鈥� he said. 鈥淭here are days when I do not completely understand it myself.鈥�
鈥業 tell them to be proud of who we are and what we bring to the community鈥�
In rural Perry, Iowa, the Latino student population has grown a lot in the past 20 years due in part to the meat processing plants and other industries that employ many immigrants from Mexico. Perry High School, once mostly white, is now half white and half Latino, said Principal Dan Marburger. Most of the school鈥檚 Latino students are U.S.-born with Mexican-born parents.
But in a region that鈥檚 still predominately white, Perry High鈥檚 Latino students have been the targets of hate speech鈥攅specially in the realm of high school sports.
During a basketball game in February 2016, the Perry Hall team鈥攎ost of its players were Latino鈥攈eard chants of 鈥淭rump! Trump! Trump!鈥� when they ran onto the court to start the game. The taunts came from about a dozen students from the opposing high school, Marburger said.
In statements to their communities and in media interviews, both Marburger and the opposing school鈥檚 principal immediately condemned the actions. But those taunts followed a pattern that has been common when teams play Perry High, Marburger said. He鈥檚 seen Perry referred to as 鈥渓ittle Mexico鈥� on Snapchat, heard soccer players report that people at games shout 鈥渉ey, where鈥檚 your green card?鈥� and had fans from opposing teams wear sombreros.
Most of his students of Mexican descent have 鈥渂een in our communities forever and were born here,鈥� Marburger said. 鈥淣eighboring schools don鈥檛 know that. They just see that, 鈥楬ey, there鈥檚 a couple brown kids out on the court. Let鈥檚 start chanting that stuff.鈥欌��
鈥淲e have to talk about race every year with our kids at different times,鈥� Marburger said. 鈥淚 tell them to be proud of who we are and what we bring to the community. Then, we also deal with it straight-up with other schools when we do hear it.鈥�
When hate incidents happen, Marburger says school leaders 鈥渘eed to get out in front of it,鈥� and be proactive, both with students and the broader community. But often, these types of incidents aren鈥檛 handled that way. Two of the districts contacted by 澳门跑狗论坛 for this story, for example, declined to speak directly with a reporter, sending carefully worded statements instead.
鈥楾his conversation does not need to be about blame, shame, or judgment鈥�
While many of the reported incidents were peer-to-peer hate speech, teachers and school support staff have also been the source of bigoted statements.
Marialis Vasquez, who graduated from her New Jersey high school in 2017, said a white male teacher told her and her classmates that he agreed with Donald Trump that Mexicans are bad for the country, calling them 鈥減igs鈥� and 鈥渓azy鈥� the day after the election in 2016. The high school, Vasquez said, has a predominately Latino student population. Although she is from the Dominican Republic, Vasquez took the teachers鈥� remarks on Mexicans as derogatory for all Latinos.
鈥淲hen people talk about Latinos, they talk about all of us as a whole,鈥� said Vasquez, who reported the incident to the school鈥檚 principal, but declined to identify the school or names of personnel out of fear of retribution.
鈥淚 just remember him saying in front of the class鈥攊t wasn鈥檛 a full apology鈥攖hat he wouldn鈥檛 speak about his beliefs any more in the class,鈥� Vasquez recalled. 鈥淎nd that was it.鈥�
Hate speech and bigoted ideas coming from a teacher or school official can result in a different type of long-term damage for students that arguably rivals trauma similarly inflicted by their peers.
鈥淲e have some initial evidence that if you are being discriminated against by your peers, that is more likely to affect kind of your social and emotional well-being,鈥� said Aprile Benner, a University of Texas at Austin professor who conducts research on the development of low-income students and students of color. 鈥淚f you are being discriminated by educators, it is more likely to influence academics, not surprisingly.鈥�
In interviews, both parents and teachers stressed the importance of recruiting teachers of color as an important solution to stemming a tide of bigotry and intolerance. While black and Latino students benefit from having teachers with a shared experience, white students have much to learn from educators from different backgrounds than their own.
One such network pushing to expand the ranks of diverse teachers鈥斺�攚as founded by New Jersey teachers Nagla Bedir and Luma Hasan.
In the hate incident reports 澳门跑狗论坛 reviewed, Muslim students, particularly girls, are often targeted. One reason: Wearing a hijab, the traditional religious head cover for Muslim girls and women.
Bedir said she and Hasan created the group because Muslim teachers often feel alone when either they or their Muslim students face discrimination in schools. The duo works with other Muslim and non-Muslim educators to hold workshops throughout the country to help combat Islamophobia. They have a blog where Muslim students, parents, and teachers can describe their experiences in school, and list resources such as lesson plans and curriculum guides on anti-bias education.
鈥淲e want to also highlight that, and make sure that people don鈥檛 just see Muslims as one monolithic group,鈥� said Bedir.
Others echoed Bedir, quick to remind educators that minority groups within themselves have intracultural differences important to take into account when designing inclusion initiatives.
Among the hate and bias incidents that 澳门跑狗论坛 reviewed, some white students expressed a curiosity as to why white pride groups are shunned, and expressed feeling left out of diversity work. In a handful of instances, white students said they were bullied for expressing support for Trump, usually in districts with more racial diversity.
In one urban school district鈥擠enver鈥攍eaders have embraced such questions and are exploring 鈥渨hiteness鈥� as part of its broader work around diversity and inclusion. Twenty-five percent of the district鈥檚 students are white, while 75 percent of its teachers are white.
鈥淲e really start off with the understanding that everyone has bias, and it doesn鈥檛 make you a racist,鈥� said Allen Smith, the Denver district鈥檚 chief of culture, equity, and leadership, who is black. 鈥淭his conversation does not need to be about blame, shame, or judgment, which does ease the tension a little bit, and gives permission for people to talk.鈥�
He brought in Jennifer Harvey, a professor of ethics and religion at Drake University in Des Moines, Iowa, to speak to students and district employees about institutional racism and white privilege. Harvey said the term 鈥渨hite privilege鈥� is often off-putting, but she believes the concept behind it is true鈥攖hat people who are white have had major advantages, over people of color in how American society functions.
Harvey explained that while it鈥檚 鈥渁lways dangerous to be too general鈥� when analyzing a cultural group, there are important observations to keep in mind when talking to white students and educators about white privilege.
Some white students may never really think about their own identity in terms of race, so don鈥檛 see racism as their problem, she said. And in highly diverse communities, like Denver, white students may see themselves as 鈥渙nlookers鈥� to the bigger discussions around diversity.
鈥淭here鈥檚 a lot of white guilt that then ends up causing white youth to vacate the race conversation altogether,鈥� said Harvey, who is white. 鈥淥r the push (for diversity) ends up, more terrifyingly, turning into resentment towards their peers of color.鈥�
In Council Rock North High School, a discussion of white privilege triggered some staff members to leave in protest during a diversity training session, according to parents on the diversity council. Those who left felt the term ignored their lower economic class roots, parents heard.
Dealing with bias remains a work in progress in the Council Rock district.
Kathia Monard-Weissman, who is Latina and has two elementary-aged children in Council Rock鈥檚 schools, said a core group of eight parents serve as the executive board, each of whom oversees committees made up of other parents. Students attend the council鈥檚 meetings, along with other family members. As many as 100 people have come to the council鈥檚 meetings.
At a gathering in late May at a public library in Newtown, a dozen parents discussed their concerns, more than 18 months since the post-election cascade of hate incidents.
Among them:
- Some school employees who think that dealing with bigotry should not be a top priority given the small number of minority students;
- Some white parents who say the district is failing to prepare white students for living and working in diverse communities; and,
- Fears that students of color and their families will avoid Council Rock鈥檚 schools because they don鈥檛 feel welcome.
鈥淭he community鈥檚 changing and we have to prepare kids,鈥� said Lori Perusich, a Jewish mother of two Council Rock students who serves on the council. 鈥淲e have to realize what鈥檚 at stake here if we don鈥檛 act now. And we鈥檙e not going away.鈥�
About This Project
Schools are often a venue for hate-fueled speech and acts. To better understand the prevalence and nature of hate in schools, 澳门跑狗论坛 joined , a media collaborative led by ProPublica that collects reports on hate incidents across the country. We analyzed hate incidents in K-12 settings using data from ProPublica鈥檚 database, as well as incidents we tallied from news media coverage spanning 2015-2017.
Behind Our Analysis
NEARLY 500 INCIDENTS OF HATE IN SCHOOLS
Even as high-profile hate crimes and bias incidents grab national attention, it鈥檚 difficult to quantify how many occur in broader society, including those that take place inside the nation鈥檚 schools.
While federal law requires the U.S. Department of Justice to report hate crime statistics, local and state police departments aren鈥檛 required to do so, and many don鈥檛. Across the 50 states and the District of Columbia, hate crime laws differ, particularly around sexual orientation. Five states have no hate crime statute. Those inconsistencies mean the data on acts of hate are far from comprehensive, making it especially challenging to know the scale of the problem and get an accurate picture of the types of incidents that occur and which groups are being targeted.
To better understand the pervasiveness and nature of acts of hate in schools, 澳门跑狗论坛 partnered with ProPublica, an independent, nonprofit news organization which organized a consortium of more than 140 news organizations to collect reports on hate incidents throughout the country. The media partners, including 澳门跑狗论坛, provided forms on their websites for people to submit reports.
Since launching in January 2017, the database has received more than 5,000 tips of hate crimes and racist, xenophobic, and homophobic acts. So far, more than 600 reports have been submitted about incidents that took place in K-12 spaces鈥攏early one-third of those reports have been independently verified.
澳门跑狗论坛 conducted its analysis of hate incidents in schools using data from ProPublica鈥檚 collection, as well as incidents that it tallied from news media coverage. Due to a lack of comprehensive data over time, our analysis focuses on three years of data from 2015 to 2017 that were reported in K-12 spaces. Those spaces can be anywhere on campus, on school buses, or at a school event away from home.
We found more than 470 unique incidents in schools throughout the country reported in that three-year period, using a verification process that relied on either 澳门跑狗论坛鈥檚 own reporting, other news articles, and/or witnesses who spoke with other journalists in the Documenting Hate consortium.
Because the data is self-reported and far from comprehensive, no definitive trends could be identified for specific locations or populations. The intimidation that often surrounds those who are targets of such attacks also make addressing the problem even tougher. Language barriers, undocumented immigration status, and fear of retribution are common reasons that those who are targeted by acts of hate may not report them.
It鈥檚 impossible to conclude that hate incidents happen more frequently in schools than in other parts of society. But that these troubling acts are perpetuated at all by children and youth underscores the enormous responsibility schools and educators must shoulder in combatting the phenomenon.
